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Back Next. Details Version:. File Name:. Date Published:. File Size:. Whereas prior releases of Windows supported per-file encryption using Encrypting File System , the Enterprise and Ultimate editions of Vista include BitLocker Drive Encryption , which can protect entire volumes , notably the operating system volume. However, BitLocker requires approximately a 1. In normal circumstances, the only time this partition is accessed is when the computer is booting, or when there is a Windows update that changes files in this area, which is a legitimate reason to access this section of the drive.
The area can be a potential security issue, because a hexadecimal editor such as dskprobe. A variety of other privilege-restriction techniques are also built into Vista. An example is the concept of "integrity levels" in user processes, whereby a process with a lower integrity level cannot interact with processes of a higher integrity level and cannot perform DLL—injection to processes of a higher integrity level.
The security restrictions of Windows services are more fine-grained, so that services especially those listening on the network cannot interact with parts of the operating system they do not need to. Obfuscation techniques such as address space layout randomization are used to increase the amount of effort required of malware before successful infiltration of a system. Code integrity verifies that system binaries have not been tampered with by malicious code. As part of the redesign of the network stack, Windows Firewall has been upgraded, with new support for filtering both incoming and outgoing traffic.
Advanced packet filter rules can be created that can grant or deny communications to specific services. The bit versions of Vista require that all device drivers be digitally signed, so that the creator of the driver can be identified. While much of the focus of Vista's new capabilities highlighted the new user interface, [82] security technologies, and improvements to the core operating system, Microsoft also adding new deployment and maintenance features:.
Windows Vista includes a large number of new application programming interfaces. Chief among them is the inclusion of version 3. Version 3.
These technologies are also available for Windows XP and Windows Server to facilitate their introduction to and usage by developers and end-users. There are also significant new development APIs in the core of the operating system, notably the completely re-designed audio, networking, print, and video interfaces, major changes to the security infrastructure, improvements to the deployment and installation of applications " ClickOnce " and Windows Installer 4.
There are some issues for software developers using some of the graphics APIs in Vista. Games or programs built solely on the Windows Vista-exclusive version of DirectX , version 10, cannot work on prior versions of Windows, as DirectX 10 is not available for previous Windows versions. Also, games that require the features of D3D9Ex, the updated implementation of DirectX 9 in Windows Vista are also incompatible with previous Windows versions.
Windows Vista unifies the previously separate OEM and retail distributions of Microsoft Windows; a license for the edition purchased determines which version of Windows Vista is eligible for installation, regardless of its originating source. OEM and retail versions of Windows before Windows Vista were maintained separately on optical media—users with a manufacturer-supplied disc could not use a retail license during installation, and users with a retail disc could not use an OEM license during installation.
Windows Vista also does not include the Windows XP " Luna " visual theme, or most of the classic color schemes that have been part of Windows since the Windows 3.
The "Hardware profiles" startup feature has also been removed, along with support for older motherboard technologies like the EISA bus, APM and game port support though on the bit version game port support can be enabled by applying an older driver. Support for the original release of Windows Vista without a service pack ended on April 13, Mainstream support for Windows Vista officially ended on April 10, For IT pros or users who needed to make specific fixes to the commercial Windows code, Microsoft required an extended hotfix agreement, which provided an additional 90 days from April 10, As part of the Extended Support phase, Vista users were still able to get security updates, and could still pay for support per incident, per-hour, or in other ways.
Microsoft also made Windows Vista product information available through its online Knowledge Base. Windows Vista shipped in six different editions. For consumers, there are three editions, with two available for economically more developed countries.
Windows Vista Starter edition is aimed at low-powered computers with availability only in emerging markets. Windows Vista Home Basic is intended for budget users. Windows Vista Home Premium covers the majority of the consumer market and contains applications for creating and using multimedia.
The home editions cannot join a Windows Server domain. For businesses, there are three editions as well. Windows Vista Business is specifically designed for small and medium-sized enterprises , [] while Windows Vista Enterprise [] is only available to customers participating in Microsoft's Software Assurance program. Windows Vista Ultimate contains the complete feature-set of both the Home and Business combination of both Home Premium and Enterprise editions, as well as a set of Windows Ultimate Extras , and is aimed at enthusiasts.
All editions except Windows Vista Starter support both bit x86 and bit x64 processor architectures. Similar sanctions exist in South Korea.
Windows Vista has four distinct visual styles. Windows Vista's Basic and Classic interfaces work with virtually any graphics hardware that supports Windows XP or ; accordingly, most discussion around Vista's graphics requirements centers on those for the Windows Aero interface. The required server connections for this utility are no longer available. Although the installation media included in retail packages is a bit DVD, customers needing a CD-ROM or customers who wish for a bit install media can acquire this media through the Windows Vista Alternate Media program.
The maximum amount of RAM that Windows Vista can support varies, depending on both its edition and its processor architecture, as shown in the table. The maximum number of logical processors [] in a PC that Windows Vista supports is: 32 [] for bit; 64 [] for bit.
Microsoft occasionally releases updates such as service packs for its Windows operating systems to fix bugs, improve performance and add new features. The initial deployment of the service pack caused a number of machines to continually reboot, rendering the machines unusable.
The synchronized release date of the two operating systems reflected the merging of the workstation and server kernels back into a single code base for the first time since Windows Support for the remaining 31 languages was released on April 14, A white paper, published by Microsoft on August 29, , outlined the scope and intent of the service pack, identifying three major areas of improvement: reliability and performance, administration experience, and support for newer hardware and standards.
One area of particular note is performance. Areas of improvement include file copy operations, hibernation, logging off on domain-joined machines, JavaScript parsing in Internet Explorer, network file share browsing, [] Windows Explorer ZIP file handling, [] and Windows Disk Defragmenter. Service Pack 1 introduced support for some new hardware and software standards, notably the exFAT file system, [] Booting a system using Extensible Firmware Interface on x64 systems was also introduced; [] this feature had originally been slated for the initial release of Vista but was delayed due to a lack of compatible hardware at the time.
Two areas have seen changes in SP1 that have come as the result of concerns from software vendors. One of these is desktop search; users will be able to change the default desktop search program to one provided by a third party instead of the Microsoft desktop search program that comes with Windows Vista, and desktop search programs will be able to seamlessly tie in their services into the operating system.
In June , Google claimed that the changes being introduced for SP1 "are a step in the right direction, but they should be improved further to give consumers greater access to alternate desktop search providers". An update to DirectX 10, named DirectX Graphics cards will be required to support DirectX An updated downloadable version of the Group Policy Management Console was released soon after the service pack.
SP1 enables support for hotpatching, a reboot-reduction servicing technology designed to maximize uptime. It works by allowing Windows components to be updated or "patched" while they are still in use by a running process. Hotpatch-enabled update packages are installed via the same methods as traditional update packages, and will not trigger a system reboot. Service Pack 2 for Windows Vista and Windows Server was released through different channels between April [] and June , one year after the release of Windows Vista SP1, and four months before the release of Windows 7.
However, it did not include Internet Explorer 8 , but instead was included in Windows 7 , which was released four months after Vista SP2. Windows Vista and Windows Server share a single service pack binary, reflecting the fact that their code bases were joined with the release of Server It includes major new components that shipped with Windows 7 , as well as updated runtime libraries.
It consists of the following components:. Although extensive, the Platform Update does not bring Windows Vista to the level of features and performance offered by Windows 7. In July , Microsoft released the Platform Update Supplement for Windows Vista and Windows Server , which contains several bug fixes and performance improvements. While Windows Vista support ended on April 11, , support could be unofficially extended by installing Windows Server updates, this allowed Windows Vista users to install security updates until the Windows Server end of support date of January 14, The Text Services Framework was compromised by a privilege escalation vulnerability CVE - that could allow attackers to use the framework to perform privileged operations, run software, or send messages to privileged processes from unprivileged processes—bypassing security features such as sandboxes or User Account Control.
If Windows Defender scanned a specially crafted file, it would lead to memory corruption, potentially allowing an attacker to control the affected machine or perform arbitrary code execution in the context of LocalSystem ; the vulnerability was exacerbated by the default real-time protection settings of Windows Defender, which were configured to automatically initiate malware scans at regular intervals. The first version of the Protection Engine affected by the vulnerability is Version 1. Microsoft released a patch to address the issue.
Windows Vista support ended on April 11, , and no more updates were released for the OS apart from the rare out-of-band patches. In July , Microsoft introduced a web-based advertising campaign called the "Mojave Experiment", which depicts a group of people who are asked to evaluate the newest operating system from Microsoft, calling it Windows 'Mojave'. Participants are first asked about Vista, if they have used it, and their overall satisfaction with Vista on a scale of 1 to They are then shown a demo of some of the new operating system's features, and asked their opinion and satisfaction with it on the same 1 to 10 scale.
After respondents rate "Mojave", they are then told that they were shown a demo of Windows Vista. The object was to test "A theory: If people could see Windows Vista firsthand, they would like it.
Windows Vista received mixed to negative reviews at the time of its release and throughout its lifespan, mainly for its much higher hardware requirements and perceived slowness compared to Windows XP. It received generally positive reviews from PC gamers who praised the advantages brought by DirectX 10, which allowed for better gaming performance and more realistic graphics, as well as support for many new capabilities featured in new GPUs.
In mid, benchmarks suggested that the SP1 update improved performance to be on par with or better than Windows XP in terms of game performance. Peter Bright of Ars Technica wrote that, despite its delays and feature cuts, Windows Vista is "a huge evolution in the history of the NT platform [ In terms of the magnitude and extent of these changes, Vista represents probably the biggest leap that the NT platform has ever seen.
Never before have significant subsystems been gutted and replaced in the way they are in Vista. In its first year of availability, PC World rated it as the biggest tech disappointment of , [] and it was rated by InfoWorld as No. Computer manufacturers such as Dell , Lenovo , and Hewlett-Packard released their newest computers with Windows Vista pre-installed; however, after the negative reception of the operating system, they also began selling their computers with Windows XP CDs included because of a drop in sales.
A Gartner research report predicted that Vista business adoption in would overtake that of XP during the same time frame Within its first month, 20 million copies of Vista were sold, double the amount of Windows XP sales within its first month in October , five years earlier. The internet-usage market share for Windows Vista after two years of availability, in January , was This figure combined with World Internet Users and Population Stats yielded a user base of roughly million, [] which exceeded Microsoft's two-year post launch expectations by million.
Windows Vista received mixed reviews. Criticism targets include protracted development time 5—6 years , more restrictive licensing terms, the inclusion of several technologies aimed at restricting the copying of protected digital media, [] and the usability of the new User Account Control security technology. Moreover, some concerns have been raised about many PCs meeting "Vista Premium Ready" hardware requirements and Vista's pricing. While in Microsoft claimed "nearly all PCs on the market today will run Windows Vista", [] the higher requirements of some of the "premium" features, such as the Aero interface, affected many upgraders.
According to the UK newspaper The Times in May , the full set of features "would be available to less than 5 percent of Britain's PC market"; however, this prediction was made several months before Vista was released. Criticism of upgrade licenses pertaining to Windows Vista Starter through Home Premium was expressed by Ars Technica ' s Ken Fisher, who noted that the new requirement of having a prior operating system already installed was going to irritate users who reinstall Windows regularly.
On the first install, Windows will refuse to activate. The user must then reinstall that same copy of Vista. Vista will then activate on the reinstall, thus allowing a user to install an Upgrade of Windows Vista without owning a previous operating system.
Initially, the cost of Windows Vista was also a source of concern and commentary. A majority of users in a poll said that the prices of various Windows Vista editions posted on the Microsoft Canada website in August make the product too expensive. Windows Vista supports additional forms of DRM restrictions. Depending on what the content demands, the devices may not pass premium content over non-encrypted outputs, or they must artificially degrade the quality of the signal on such outputs or not display it at all.
Drivers for such hardware must be approved by Microsoft; a revocation mechanism is also included, which allows Microsoft to disable drivers of devices in end-user PCs over the Internet.
Proponents have claimed that Microsoft had no choice but to follow the demands of the movie studios, and that the technology will not actually be enabled until after ; [] [] Microsoft also noted that content protection mechanisms have existed in Windows as far back as Windows ME , and that the new protections will not apply to any existing content, only future content.
Although User Account Control UAC is an important part of Vista's security infrastructure as it blocks software from silently gaining administrator privileges without the user's knowledge, it has been widely criticized for generating too many prompts. End-users of licenses of Windows 7 acquired through OEM or volume licensing may downgrade to the equivalent edition of Windows Vista. Customers licensed for use of Windows 8 Enterprise are generally licensed for Windows 8 Pro, which may be downgraded to Windows Vista Business.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Personal computer operating system by Microsoft released in Closed-source Source-available through Shared Source Initiative [1].
Main article: Development of Windows Vista. Main article: Features new to Windows Vista. Main article: Technical features new to Windows Vista. Main article: Security and safety features new to Windows Vista. Main article: Management features new to Windows Vista. Main article: List of features removed in Windows Vista. Main article: Windows Vista editions. Main article: Mojave Experiment. Main article: Criticism of Windows Vista. Requires Service Pack 1.
June Archived from the original on December 16, Retrieved September 21, Windows Vista Team Blog.
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